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Reproductive
13 entries across 2 regions · 61 questions
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Thorax
Pelvis & Perineum
- Bony pelvisHY BoneRing formed by the two hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx. Its inlet and outlet define the birth canal, and ring fractures from high-energy trauma can cause life-threatening hemorrhage.
- Broad ligament LigamentDouble fold of peritoneum draped over the uterus, tubes and ovaries to the pelvic walls. It carries their vessels, and the ureter runs beneath its base, where it is at risk during hysterectomy.
- OvaryHY OrganPaired almond-shaped gonads on the lateral pelvic wall that produce oocytes and sex hormones. Their blood supply comes from the aorta, which explains torsion, and their lymph drains to the para-aortic nodes.
- Pelvic diaphragmHY MuscleFunnel-shaped muscular floor of the pelvis formed by levator ani and coccygeus. It supports the pelvic organs and maintains urinary and fecal continence; its weakening underlies pelvic organ prolapse and stress incontinence.
- Perineal pouchesHY Space / regionTwo fascial compartments of the urogenital triangle, separated by the perineal membrane. Their fascial attachments determine where urine spreads after urethral injury and how Fournier gangrene tracks.
- PerineumHY Space / regionDiamond-shaped region below the pelvic diaphragm, divided into the urogenital and anal triangles. The perineal body at its center is torn in obstetric lacerations, and saddle anesthesia here signals cauda equina syndrome.
- Rectouterine pouchHY Space / regionDeepest recess of the female peritoneal cavity, between the uterus and rectum. Blood, pus and ascites collect here; the male equivalent is the rectovesical pouch.
- Uterine arteryHY ArteryBranch of the internal iliac artery that crosses above the ureter beside the cervix to supply the uterus. It is ligated in hysterectomy, embolized for fibroids and postpartum hemorrhage, and greatly enlarged in pregnancy.
- Uterine tubesHY OrganPaired tubes that carry the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus; fertilization usually occurs in the ampulla. They are the most common site of ectopic pregnancy and are damaged by pelvic inflammatory disease.
- UterusHY OrganThick-walled muscular organ between the bladder and rectum in which the embryo implants and develops. Fibroids, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer and postpartum hemorrhage are its key clinical problems.
- VaginaHY OrganFibromuscular canal from the cervix to the vestibule. Its fornices, relations and split nerve and lymph supply matter for pelvic exams, vaginitis, prolapse and cancer spread.
- Vulva OrganFemale external genitalia in the urogenital triangle — mons pubis, labia, clitoris, vestibule and vestibular glands. Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses, lichen sclerosus and vulvar cancer are the key problems.